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Beowulf Translation Project

About this project

I've been fascinated by Old English/Anglo-Saxon and Medieval European literary tradition since the first time I studied Beowulf in my high school literature class. My passion only increased after taking a Medieval literature class in college. During one of our lectures, our (very wonderful) professor put a portion of the poem on the board in its original Anglo-Saxon along with each word's general definition, and asked us to translate the sentence in as many different ways as we could think of. She did this to drive home the complexity of translation, especially that of poetry - what might a translator prioritize? Literal meaning, sound (alliteration, rhyme), ornamentation, etc.? How can we guess at the original intended meaning behind words written in a "dead" language hundreds of years ago? The challenge presented by the task, along with the distinct sound of the language, entranced me. This professor had, herself, completed her own translation of Beowulf while studying for her PhD and we had many wonderful conversations about that process. Since then, I've occasionally chosen passages from the poem to try my hand at translating. I've decided to keep my completed translations here, alongside the Anglo-Saxon text. Also, if you hover over the Anglo-Saxon, you can see my initial gloss of the text as well. I am not any kind of expert or dedicated scholar and this translation is probably not all that accurate. In fact, it could be very, very wrong. This is just something I'm doing as a fun writing exercise that also feels a bit like a puzzle.

I've been working from the Old English version that is kept on The Poetry Foundation and have been using the Bosworth Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary as reference. Also, it should be known that I love Grendel and his mother and to me they are the stars of the poem and always will be. That bias might shine through. Honestly, I hope it does!

Original

Sum sare angeald
æfenræste, swa him ful oft gelamp,
siþðan goldsele Grendel warode,
unriht æfnde, oþþæt ende becwom,

some bitterly/grievously vexed(?)
evening-rest, in-such-a-manner him/they full/complete often happened,
since gold-adorned-hall Grendel warned/guarded
evil/injustice performed/labored, end/death came-fell,

swylt æfter synnum. þæt gesyne wearþ,
widcuþ werum, þætte wrecend þa gyt
lifde æfter laþum, lange þrage,
æfter guðceare. Grendles modor,
ides, aglæcwif, yrmþe gemunde,

death/destruction after/during sins/misdeeds. That evident/seen away/absent,
well-known men, that an-avenger then you-two(?)
alive after evils/harms, long-time/far season(?),
after (??)worry. Grendel's mother,
a-woman, vile-crone, misery/distress mindful/recalling

se þe wæteregesan wunian scolde,
cealde streamas, siþðan Cain wearð
to ecgbanan angan breþer,
fæderenmæge; he þa fag gewat,
morþre gemearcod, mandream fleon,

so -- water-caused-terror to-dwell must,
coldly streams, since Cain ward/protection
-- sharpen/harrow began brother(?),
paternal-relative; he -- guilty/criminal departed,
murder marked, human-joy to-flee

westen warode. þanon woc fela
geosceaftgasta; wæs þæra Grendel sum,
heorowearh hetelic, se æt Heorote fand
wæccendne wer wiges bidan.
þær him aglæca ætgræpe wearð;

wilderness guarded. With-force woke/rose alone
fatal/dire/ancient-spirit; was there Grendel one-of-a-group,
vigorous evil, so to Heorot found
watcher saw defenseless(?) wait.
There he/him monster/miserable-being seizing guard;(?)

hwæþre he gemunde mægenes strenge,
gimfæste gife ðe him god sealde,
ond him to anwaldan are gelyfde,
frofre ond fultum; ðy he þone feond ofercwom,
gehnægde helle gast. þa he hean gewat,

yet/however he mindful/recalling virtues/powers/strength severe
jewel/eye/sun-quickly gift/grace -- they god give
with they by/next-to have-power-over honor/favor/mercy faithful/believer(?),
comfort/help/refuge with help/support; therefore he (???) foe overcome,
humbled/cast-down infernal-spirit. There he low/miserable/wretched departed,

dreame bedæled, deaþwic seon,
mancynnes feond, ond his modor þa gyt,
gifre ond galgmod, gegan wolde
sorhfulne sið, sunu deað wrecan.
Com þa to Heorote, ðær Hringdene

joy deprived, mansion-of-death see(?)/trickle(?),
mankind's foe, with his mother then two(?),
usual with sad/gloomy, again pest/plague
sorrowful/anxious spacious(?), son dead wretched.
came there to Heorot, harm the-Danes

My Translation

They gravely atoned
for their evening rest, as oft-happened
when Grendel haunted the gold-giver’s hall
and wrought evil, until his end did fall,

The glutton gutted. It came to be seen,
There'd been two, and an avenger was left
Loathful of men, biding the long season
Of her war-gained grief. Mother of Grendel,
Queen, war-woman, wallowed in her tortures,

Resided alone, terror of waters,
Lurked in cold currents, the ward of Cain whom
First murdered his very own blood-brother,
His father’s next son. The guilty man fled,
Marked by murder and void of human joys,

He haunted the wild. Many spirits from
Him arose; and Grendel was one of them,
Hostile sword-fanged wolf, who found Heorot,
Watched the hall and waited for war.
There, the monster ravaged a late hall-guard;

Though this provoked the sharpest of sorrow,
The great-eye, which provides life's good things
And reigns over all lands, cast aglow paths
To comfort and aid. Defeater of foes
Laid low the hell-ghast. The sad one now gone,

The free people sang in their hall of death,
And the mother of mankind's enemy,
Spiteful and gloomy, was deeply eager,
Waiting beyond to avenge her dead son.